Rule out the surface and source
Move the laptop to a firm, uncluttered surface and remove objects that can vibrate against it. Compare a clean spoken recording with the track that buzzes.
If only one file or website causes the problem, the distortion may be in that source.
Confirm the selected output
Disconnect docks, monitors, Bluetooth speakers and headphones. On macOS or Windows, select the built-in speakers and check app-specific volume and mute controls.
A clean headphone output with distorted built-in speakers narrows the problem but does not prove which physical part is responsible.
Check audio processing
On Windows, audio enhancements or an incompatible default format can cause crackling. Temporarily disable enhancements and test again. On Mac, verify the built-in output and restart affected apps.
Avoid installing random driver tools. Use operating-system and laptop-manufacturer support first.
Recognise a hardware or liquid problem
Buzzing that follows one physical side, worsens with bass or appears after a drop can indicate a loose part or damaged driver. Liquid exposure requires power and service precautions rather than repeated loud tests.
If the laptop is hot, unstable or recently wet, shut it down and follow the manufacturer’s repair guidance.
Device-specific safety statements are linked to current manufacturer guidance and independent reporting.
Microsoft: fix distorted or crackling Windows audioApple: if Mac internal speakers are not working